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Legal Information for Canada

Last Updated: October 1, 2025

PIPEDA (Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act)

  • Applies to commercial activities across Canada
  • Primary federal privacy law
  • Administered by Privacy Commissioner of Canada
ProvinceLegislationApplication
AlbertaPIPASubstantially similar to PIPEDA
British ColumbiaPIPASubstantially similar to PIPEDA
QuebecBill 64 (modernizing Law 25)Stricter than PIPEDA
OthersPIPEDA appliesFederal law governs

InitiumX compliance:

  • PIPEDA as baseline
  • Quebec Bill 64 standards for QC clients
  • Provincial laws respected where applicable

Oversight Authority:

  • Website: www.priv.gc.ca
  • Role: Investigate complaints, enforce PIPEDA
  • Powers: Audit, investigate, recommend, publish findings
  • Complaints: Free of charge for individuals

InitiumX is responsible for:

  • Personal information under our control
  • Information transferred to third parties
  • Designating Privacy Officer
  • Implementing policies and procedures

Privacy Officer Contact:

We collect personal information only for:

  • Service delivery and contract fulfillment
  • Communication about projects
  • Legal and regulatory compliance
  • Business operations (invoicing, support)

Purposes identified:

  • At or before time of collection
  • In clear language
  • With your understanding

Required for:

  • Sensitive personal information
  • Uses beyond original purpose
  • Disclosure to third parties (non-agents)

How we obtain:

  • Written agreements
  • Click-through acceptance
  • Email confirmation
  • Verbal (documented)

May apply for:

  • Reasonable purposes given context
  • Non-sensitive information
  • Existing business relationships

You can withdraw consent:

  • At any time (subject to legal/contractual limits)
  • Email: privacy@initiumx.dev
  • Reasonable notice required
  • We inform you of implications

We collect only information that is:

  • Necessary for identified purposes
  • Collected by fair and lawful means
  • Not excessive for purposes

Methods of collection:

  • Directly from you
  • From your authorized representatives
  • From publicly available sources (when appropriate)

2.5 Limiting Use, Disclosure, and Retention

Section titled “2.5 Limiting Use, Disclosure, and Retention”

Personal information used/disclosed only for:

  • Purposes for which it was collected
  • Purposes you subsequently consent to
  • As required or permitted by law

Third-party disclosure:

  • Service providers (with contracts)
  • As required by law or court order
  • With your consent

We retain personal information:

  • Only as long as necessary for purposes
  • To meet legal requirements (7 years for financial records)
  • Securely destroyed after retention period
Data TypeRetention Period
Contracts7 years after completion
Financial records7 years (CRA requirement)
Project dataDuration + 90 days
Marketing dataUntil consent withdrawal

We ensure personal information is:

  • Accurate, complete, and up-to-date
  • Sufficient for purposes
  • Updated when necessary

Your responsibility:

  • Inform us of changes
  • Verify accuracy periodically
  • Request corrections

Security measures appropriate to sensitivity:

  • Physical: Restricted access to offices/servers
  • Organizational: Policies, training, NDAs
  • Technological: Encryption, firewalls, access controls

Specific measures:

  • TLS 1.3 for data in transit
  • AES-256 for data at rest
  • Multi-factor authentication
  • Regular security audits

We make information available about:

  • Policies and practices
  • Types of personal information held
  • How information is used
  • How to access information

Where to find:

You have the right to:

  • Be informed of personal information we hold
  • Access that information
  • Challenge accuracy and completeness

How to request:

We provide:

  • Information about existence, use, disclosure
  • Access to the information
  • Account of third parties to whom disclosed

Exceptions:

  • Prohibitively costly to provide
  • Threatens safety or security
  • Contains references to other individuals
  • Subject to legal privilege
  • Generated in investigation of breach

Minimal fees may apply:

  • Costs of photocopying
  • Postage for mailing
  • Preparation time (reasonable)

You can challenge:

  • Compliance with PIPEDA principles
  • Accuracy of information
  • Denial of access request

How to challenge:

  1. Contact Privacy Officer: privacy@initiumx.dev
  2. Internal review: 30 days for response
  3. Privacy Commissioner: If unsatisfied with response

Commissioner complaint:


3. Quebec-Specific Requirements (Bill 64 / Law 25)

Section titled “3. Quebec-Specific Requirements (Bill 64 / Law 25)”

Additional rights beyond PIPEDA:

  • Right to data portability
  • Right to de-indexing (online reputation)
  • Enhanced consent requirements
  • Mandatory privacy impact assessments (PIA)
  • Mandatory incident registry

Required for:

  • New technologies with privacy risks
  • Communication of personal information outside Quebec
  • Use for purposes not previously identified

InitiumX compliance:

  • PIA conducted for Quebec client projects
  • Documentation available upon request
  • Regular review and updates

Enhanced breach notification:

  • To CAI (Commission d’accès à l’information): As soon as possible
  • To affected individuals: When risk of serious harm
  • Incident registry: Mandatory log of all incidents

Stricter than PIPEDA:

  • Lower threshold for notification
  • Specific timelines and content requirements
  • Penalties for non-compliance

Must be:

  • Manifest (clear action)
  • Free
  • Informed
  • Specific to purposes
  • Given for limited time

Cannot be obtained:

  • As condition of service (unless necessary)
  • Bundled with other consents
  • Through pre-checked boxes

When transferring personal information outside Canada:

  • Inform individuals
  • Obtain consent
  • Use contractual or other means for comparable protection
  • Ensure foreign provider provides same level of protection

InitiumX safeguards:

  • Standard contractual clauses
  • Encryption in transit and at rest
  • Access controls
  • Regular security audits
  • Sub-processor agreements

We inform you of:

  • Countries where data may be processed
  • Purposes of transfer
  • Safeguards in place
  • Foreign legal requirements (FIPA compliance)

Under PIPEDA:

  • Must inform about possibility of foreign government access
  • Disclose legal frameworks that may apply (e.g., US CLOUD Act)
  • Document requests and disclosures

Transparency commitment:

  • Annual transparency report (if requests occur)
  • Notification to affected individuals (when legally permitted)
  • Challenge unlawful requests

For commercial electronic messages (CEMs):

  • Express or implied consent required
  • Identification information mandatory
  • Unsubscribe mechanism required

InitiumX compliance:

  • No unsolicited commercial messages
  • Clear identification in all emails
  • Easy one-click unsubscribe
  • Honor opt-outs within 10 business days (usually within 24 hours)

Obtained via:

  • Opt-in checkbox
  • Verbal consent (documented)
  • Paper form with signature

Valid until:

  • Withdrawn by recipient
  • No expiry for express consent

Exists when:

  • Existing business relationship (2 years)
  • Inquiry or application (6 months)
  • Membership, donation, volunteer work (2 years)
  • Business card exchange with relevant content

Expires after: Specified timeframes above

Must include:

  • Clearly visible unsubscribe link
  • Valid for 60 days after sending
  • Processed within 10 business days
  • No fee to unsubscribe
  • No requirement to provide reasons

Our standard:

  • Unsubscribe honored within 24 hours
  • Confirmation email sent
  • No further marketing emails
  • Transactional emails may continue

Accepted for Canadian clients:

  • Credit/debit cards (CAD or USD)
  • Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
  • Wire transfer
  • PayPal (CAD or USD)
  • Interac e-Transfer (for amounts < $3,000 CAD)
  • Cheque (certified)

6.2 Goods and Services Tax (GST) / Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)

Section titled “6.2 Goods and Services Tax (GST) / Harmonized Sales Tax (HST)”

Tax collection:

  • Currently: Not registered for GST/HST
  • Services: Provided from outside Canada
  • Client responsibility: Clients may owe GST/HST under reverse charge or self-assessment

If registration occurs:

  • 30 days notice to clients
  • GST/HST added to invoices
  • Rates vary by province
Province/TerritoryRateType
ON, NB, NL, NS, PE13-15%HST
BC, MB, SK, QC5% GST + ProvincialGST + PST
AB5%GST only
Other territories5%GST

For Canadian businesses:

  • May require foreign supplier information
  • InitiumX provides invoices for tax reporting
  • Classified as non-resident supplier

Federal law considerations:

  • Services available in English
  • French available for Quebec clients upon request
  • Key documents translated for bilingual clients

Quebec (Bill 101 / Charter of French Language):

  • French version of contracts available
  • French customer service for Quebec clients
  • Website: Some content in French

Standard:

  • English language contracts
  • French version for Quebec upon request
  • Bilingual invoices for Quebec

Precedence:

  • English version controls (unless otherwise specified)
  • French version for Quebec (when specified in contract)

Governing law:

  • Honduras law for contract interpretation
  • Canadian law for privacy and consumer protection
  • Provincial law where applicable

Steps:

  1. Negotiation: Direct discussion (30 days)
  2. Mediation: Neutral third party (60 days)
  3. Arbitration: Binding arbitration
  4. Litigation: As last resort

Venue:

  • Virtual arbitration preferred
  • Canadian venue if litigation required
  • Costs determined by arbitrator/court

For Ontario healthcare clients:

  • Personal Health Information Protection Act applies
  • Additional safeguards required
  • Business associate equivalent agreement
  • Enhanced security measures

9.2 FIPPA (Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy)

Section titled “9.2 FIPPA (Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy)”

For public sector clients:

  • Provincial FIPPA laws apply
  • Enhanced data residency requirements
  • Additional contractual provisions
  • Approval for cloud storage

Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada

Section titled “Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada”

CAI Quebec (Commission d’accès à l’information)

Section titled “CAI Quebec (Commission d’accès à l’information)”

Canadian clients should review:

Privacy Resources:

Quebec:



Last Updated: October 1, 2025 Version: 1.0 Next Review: January 2026

Canada Support: canada@initiumx.dev | Privacy: privacy@initiumx.dev